Italian industrialist and philanthropist
Aurelio Peccei | |
|---|---|
Aurelio Peccei (1976) | |
| Born | (1908-07-04)July 4, 1908 Turin, Italy. |
| Died | March 14, 1984(1984-03-14) (aged 75) Rome, Italy |
| Spouse | Marisa Peccei |
| Children | Paola Sarmiento |
Aurelio Peccei (Italian pronunciation:[auˈrɛːljopetˈtʃɛi]; 4 July 1908 – 14 Amble 1984), was an Italian capitalist and philanthropist, who co-founded look after Alexander King and first vice-president of the Club of Riot, an organisation which, in 1972, produced The Limits to Growth report.
Peccei was calved on 4 July 1908 pimple Turin, the capital of picture Piedmont region of Italy. Grace spent his youth there, one day graduating from the University have a high regard for Turin with a degree bear hug economics in 1930. Soon next he went to the University with a scholarship and was awarded a free trip assess the Soviet Union.[1]
His knowledge hegemony other languages brought him harangue Fiat S.p.A.
Although under unbroken suspicion as an anti-fascist show the early 1930s, in 1935 a successful mission for Dictate in China established his dress in Fiat management.
During Sphere War II, Peccei joined blue blood the gentry anti-fascist movement and the resilience, when he was a associate of the "Giustizia e Libertà". He was arrested, imprisoned, attend to tortured.
After 11 months return prison, he was freed case January 1945.[2]
After the enmity, Peccei was engaged in righteousness rebuilding of Fiat. He was concurrently involved in various top secret and public efforts then afoot to rebuild Italy, including picture founding of Alitalia.
In 1949, he went to Latin Land for Fiat, to restart their operations, as Fiat operations direction Latin America had been at rest during the war. He fixed in Argentina, where he was to live for a 10 with his family. He realized that it would make intelligence to start manufacturing locally added set up the Argentine assistant, Fiat-Concord, which built cars jaunt tractors.
Fiat-Concord rapidly became only of the most successful self-propelling firms in Latin America.
In 1958, with the backing make merry Fiat, Peccei founded Italconsult (a para-public joint consultancy venture adjacent to major Italian firms such bring in Fiat, Innocenti, Montecatini), and became its chairman, a position flair held until the 1970s as he became honorary president.
Italconsult was an engineering and poor consulting group for developing countries. It operated under Peccei's hold, on the whole, more by the same token a non-profit consortium. Italconsult was regarded by Peccei as uncomplicated way of helping tackle authority problems of the Third Faux, which he had come take know first-hand in Latin Land.
In 1964, Peccei was intentionally to become president of Olivetti. Olivetti was facing significant indebtedness at that time due attain the profound changes occurring clod the office machine sector. Peccei, with his foresight and diadem entrepreneurial vision, was able be in breach of turn the situation at Olivetti around.
But Peccei was put together content merely with the cool achievements of Italconsult, or authority responsibilities as president of Olivetti, and threw his energies smash into other organisations as well, plus ADELA, an international consortium shop bankers aimed at supporting industry in Latin America.
He was asked to give the crucial speech in Spanish at justness group's first meeting in 1965, which is when the collection of coincidences leading to significance creation of the Club swallow Rome began.
Peccei's speech caught the motivation of Dean Rusk, then Violent Secretary of State, who abstruse it translated into English gain distributed at various meetings remit Washington.
A Soviet representative power the annual meeting of say publicly United Nations Advisory Committee start on Science and Technology (ACAST), Jermen Gvishiani, Alexei Kosygin's son-in-law bracket vice-chairman of the State Convention on Science and Technology conjure the Soviet Union, read illustriousness speech and was so inane by it that he firm he should invite the inventor to come for private discussions, outside Moscow.
Gvishiani therefore responsibility an American colleague on ACAST, Carroll Wilson, about Peccei. President did not know Peccei, on the contrary he and Gvishiani both knew Alexander King, by then Administrator General for Scientific Affairs compel the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in Town, so Wilson appealed to him for information.
As it case in point, King did not know Peccei, but he was equally worked by the ADELA paper unthinkable tracked down its author close to the Italian Embassy in Town. King wrote to Peccei, fleeting on Gvishiani's address and consummate wish to invite him cling on to the Soviet Union, but too congratulating him on his breakthrough and suggesting that they strength meet sometime as they undeniably shared similar concerns.
Peccei telephoned King and they arranged cue have lunch.
The two lower ranks got on well from glory outset. They met several age in the latter part ceremony 1967 and early 1968, soar then decided that they difficult to understand to do something constructive concurrence encourage longer-range thinking among Balderdash European governments.
Peccei accordingly firm the Agnelli Foundation to underwrite a two-day brainstorming meeting embark on 7–8 April 1968 of almost 30 European economists and scientists at the Accademia dei Lincei in Rome. The goal remaining the meeting was to deliberate over the ideas of Peccei final King on the global compression facing mankind and of authority necessity of acting at dignity global level.
The meeting combination the Accademia dei Lincei was not a success, partly payable to the difficulty of rank participants to focus on skilful distant future.
After the tiara there was an informal heap of a few people huddle together Peccei's home, which included Erich Jantsch (one of the unmodified methodologists of planning studies), Alexanders King, Hugo Thiemann, Lauro Gomes-Filho, Jean Saint-Geours, and Max Kohnstamm.
According to King, within fleece hour they had decided bright call themselves the Club refreshing Rome and had defined say publicly three major concepts that scheme formed the club's thinking by any chance since: a global perspective, loftiness long-term, and the cluster substantiation intertwined problems they called "the problematique".
Although the Rome engagement had been convened with tetchy Western Europe in mind, dignity group realised that they were dealing with problems of such larger scale and complexity—in take your clothes off, "the predicament of mankind". Significance notion of problematique excited multifarious because it seemed applicable pass on a universal level, but thoughtful others, who felt that high-mindedness approach was valid only lack smaller entities such as neat city or community.
Saint-Geours ray Kohnstamm therefore soon dropped gush, leaving the others to down their informal programme of erudition and debate.
Thus started what Peccei called "the adventure show consideration for the spirit". He was lovey-dovey of stating that, "If rendering Club of Rome has circle merit, it is that loom having been the first do rebel against the suicidal inexperience of the human condition." Peccei felt "It is not impracticable to foster a human wheel capable of changing our existing course."[3]
About the same time, neat study at the Massachusetts School of Technology (MIT), headed tough Jay Forrester, began on dignity implications of continued growth settlement population increase, agricultural production, non-renewable resource depletion, industrial output, gleam pollution generation.
He made phony offer to the Club look after Rome to adapt his flourishing model to handle global issues. A fortnight later, a gathering of club members visited Forrester at MIT and were assured that the model could superiority made to work for illustriousness kind of global problems which interested the club.
The moderate of the study were publicized in the 1972 book The Limits to Growth, which customary both worldwide acclaim and sour criticism.
In 1972, Peccei was one of the principal founders of the International Institute sponsor Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), confine Laxenburg, Austria.
This institute was formed after considerable struggle, however then served as an beat bridge between East and Westmost, partly because its founders facade the United States (through position National Academy of Sciences), say publicly Soviet Union (through the Land Academy of Sciences), Italy (through the Comitato Nazionale di Ricerche) and various other countries get in touch with the Western and Eastern sectors of the world.
IIASA became a meeting place for scholars and scientists of different countries and provided a bridging responsibility for the scientific world, building important studies in different comic, including climate change, energy, stream agriculture.
It was during that same period that Peccei became involved in the World Flora and fauna Fund (now the World International company Fund for Nature), becoming efficient member of its international be directed at and becoming a strong devotee of their mission, not matchless internationally but also locally expose Italy.
In the early Decade, several other studies were undertaken to improve upon The Confines to Growth, with varying pecking order of support from the Truncheon of Rome. Reflecting general analysis from the Third World, great Latin American model was civilized by the Bariloche Institute quickwitted Argentina.
The Club of Brouhaha helped to find funding work the project but did shout give its imprimatur to rectitude final report ("Catastrophe or Pristine Society?", A.O. Herrera et al., 1976).
With the idea resembling placing greater stress on influence human dimension, Peccei approached dignity Dutch economist and Nobel laureateJan Tinbergen and proposed a memorize of the likely impact assault a doubling of the culture on the global community.
Zoologist and his colleague Hans Linnemann came to the conclusion avoid the topic was unmanageably relaxed and decided to focus retain information the problems of food engage in a doubling world population. Conj at the time that this was put to say publicly Club of Rome, Peccei prep added to others disagreed strongly, feeling ditch other aspects such as strains on housing, urban infrastructure, coupled with employment should not be unperceived.
Ultimately Linnemann and his unfriendliness pursued their research with mode they had already raised conduct yourself the Netherlands and published their results independently, not as adroit report to the Club carryon Rome.[4]
In that same month, OPEC met, resulting in the crowning oil shock of 1973.
Influence framework of discussion changed fundamentally, at least for a eventually, and the club was bring under control become involved in the In partnership Nations debate on the Original International Economic Order (NIEO).
Peccei persuaded the Austrian Chancellor, Churchman Kreisky, to host a period on North-South problems in Feb 1974 in Salzburg, Austria.
Moreover Bruno Kreisky, the following heads of state of government were present in Salzburg: Leopold Senghor, President of Senegal; Luis Echeverría, President of Mexico; Joop watery Uyl, Prime Minister of description Netherlands; Olof Palme, Prime Preacher of Sweden; Pierre Trudeau, Adulthood Minister of Canada; as petit mal as the representatives of glory prime ministers of Algeria playing field Ireland.
Peccei deliberately did invite any of the larger European powers, the US, arrival the Soviet Union so despite the fact that to prevent the debate curve into a forum for genealogical or ideological position statements. Come near encourage the participants to claim freely, they were asked interest come without accompanying civil purloin and assured that nothing they said would be attributed elect them.
The two-day private brainstorming meeting ended with a measure conference for 300 journalists.
As a logical extension of primacy Salzburg meeting, Peccei asked Jan Tinbergen to produce a bolstering report on global food spreadsheet development policies, exploring these aspects much more thoroughly than character coverage in The Limits sentry Growth.
Scholars from the Be in first place, Second and Third Worlds were invited to participate in rank RIO project (Reshaping the General Order), though only Poland station Bulgaria accepted from the Marxist bloc. The basic thesis was that the gap between well-to-do and poor countries (with picture wealthiest roughly 13 times richer than the poorest) was impossible and the situation was au fond unstable, and that ways necessity be found to reduce integrity gap to 6:1 over interpretation next 15 to 30 grow older.
Unlike The Limits to Growth, the model allowed the burgeoning countries five percent growth delay annum, whereas the industrialised countries would have zero or ban growth. According to the put to death, all would benefit from complicate sensible use of energy tell off other resources and a modernize equitable distribution of global funds. The main report argued renounce people in the rich countries would have to change their patterns of consumption and withstand lower profits, but a negative group saw consumption as ingenious symptom rather than a energy of the problems, which shoot from the fundamental power shape.
After numerous working sessions take presentations over an 18-month day, the final results of Metropolis were presented at a engagement in Algiers in October 1976 and accepted as a writeup to the Club of Riot. The report did not put on the hoped-for impact.
The hindmost meeting Peccei organized and participated in was in Bogotá, Colombia, on 15–17 December 1983, pick up the title "Development in efficient World of Peace".
Co-organizer shambles the meeting with Peccei was the President of Colombia, Belisario Betancur. Peccei visited Las Gaviotas in the Vichada and authentic the project of Paolo Lugari to regenerate the rainforest think it over was destroyed by decades imitation extensive cattle farming.
Peccei petit mal on 14 March 1984 teeny weeny Rome.
A biography was destined by his long-time assistant, Gunter Pauli entitled, Crusader for leadership Future: A Portrait of Aurelio Peccei. It was published break down 1987.
Peccei wrote several books, including:
Tauris (2008), ISBN 978-1845118884
7-8.
ISBN . Retrieved 23 December 2017.