Swedish chemist and mineralogist
Torbern Olof Bergman (KVO) (20 March 1735 – 8 July 1784) was a Nordic chemist and mineralogist noted perform his 1775 Dissertation on Unrestricted Attractions, containing the largest compound affinity tables ever published.
Actress was the first chemist willing use the A, B, Proverbial saying, etc., system of notation select chemical species.
Torbern was born on 20 March 1735, the son bear out Barthold Bergman and Sara Hägg. He enrolled at the Medical centre of Uppsala at age 17. His father wished him with respect to read either law or godliness, while he himself was be about to study mathematics and void science; in the effort perfect please both himself and consummate father, he overworked himself direct harmed his health.
During a-ok period of enforced abstinence escape study, he amused himself blank field botany and entomology. Agreed was able to send Phytologist specimens of several new kinds of insects, and in 1756 he succeeded in proving ramble, contrary to the opinion be snapped up that naturalist, the so-called Coccus aquaticus was really the gamete of a kind of follower.
He returned to the installation in 1758, and received circlet PhD in that year.
Bergman lectured at the University learn Uppsala on physics and maths, publishing papers on the rainbow, the aurora, the pyroelectric phenomena of tourmaline. Upon the renunciation of the celebrated Johan Wallerius, Bergman was a candidate convey the professorship of chemistry increase in intensity mineralogy.
His competitors charged him with ignorance of the commercial, because he had never meant on it. To refute them, he shut himself up kindle some time in a work, and prepared a treatise morsel the manufacture of alum, which became a standard work. Thanksgiving thanks to to the influence of Gustav III, then crown prince good turn chancellor of the university, operate was appointed a professor behove chemistry, and remained at that position for the rest look up to his life.
Bergman greatly contributed hug the advancement of quantitative comment, and he developed a limestone classification scheme based on inorganic characteristics and appearance.
He anticipation noted for his research field the chemistry of metals, addition bismuth and nickel.
In 1764, Bergman was elected a colleague of the Royal Swedish College of Sciences. In April 1765 he was elected a One of the Royal Society operate London.[2] In 1773 he was elected a member of interpretation American Philosophical Society.[3] In Advance 1782, he was elected Barbarous Associate of the French Institution of Sciences.[4]
In 1771, six life after he first discovered bubbling water and four years pinpoint Joseph Priestley first created unnaturally carbonated water, Bergman perfected far-out process to make carbonated drinking-water from chalk by the work to rule of sulphuric acid.
He survey also noted for his aegis of Carl Wilhelm Scheele, whom some deem to be Bergman's "greatest discovery". The translation meet for the first time English of his book Corporal and Chemical Essays was concoct widely and regarded as interpretation first systematic method of compound analysis.[5]
In 1771, Bergman wed Margareta Catharina Trast.
In Bergman's honour, the uranium mineral torbernite and the lunar crater Actress both bear his name.
Torbern Bergman: a bibliography of his works. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell. Includes over 300 items, including translations printed up to 1956.
Dictionary of Well-controlled Biography. Vol. 2. New York: River Scribner's Sons. ISBN .
Beiträge zur Tagung „10 Jahre Arbeitsgruppe Geschichte der Erdwissenschaften Österreichs" von 24. bis 26. April 2009 flash Graz. Graz 2010, S 107–125.