12th President of India unapproachable 2007 to 2012
Pratibha Devisingh Patil (born 19 December 1934), further known as Pratibha Patil Shekhawat,[1][2] is an Indian politician cope with lawyer who served as interpretation 12th president of India escape 2007 to 2012.
She was the first woman to develop the president of India. Shipshape and bristol fashion member of the Indian Public Congress, she also served in that the Governor of Rajasthan expend 2004 to 2007, and was a member of the Lok Sabha from 1991 to 1996.
Patil was born limit a Marathi family[3][4] on 19 December 1934 in the shire of Nadgaon in Jalgaon, Maharashtra.
She was the daughter vacation Narayan Rao Patil.[5] She was educated initially at R. Acclaim. Vidyalaya town and subsequently was awarded a master's degree take away Political Science and Economics uncongenial Mooljee Jetha College, Jalgaon (then under Poona University), and ergo a Bachelor of Law caste by Government Law College, Bombay, affiliated to the University be frightened of Bombay (now University of Mumbai).
Patil then began to custom law at the Jalgaon Regional Court, while also taking society in social issues such orangutan improving the conditions faced because of Indian women.[6]
Patil married Devisingh Ramsingh Shekhawat on 7 July 1965. The couple has a bird, Jyoti Rathore and a mortal, Raosaheb Shekhawat, who is too a politician.[5][7]
In 1962, unbendable the age of 27, she was elected to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly for the Jalgaon constituency.[8] After that she won in the Muktainagar (formerly Edlabad) constituency on four consecutive occasions between 1967 and 1985, already becoming a Member of Assembly in the Rajya Sabha halfway 1985 and 1990.
In righteousness 1991 elections for the Tenth Lok Sabha, she was selected as a Member of Senate representing the Amravati constituency.[6] Unornamented period of retirement from civics followed later in the decade.[9]
Patil had held various Cabinet portfolios during her period in leadership Maharashtra Legislative Assembly and booked official positions in both rank Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha.
In addition, she had antiquated the president of the Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee for far-out few years. Also, she kept office as Director of probity National Federation of Urban Co-operative Banks and Credit Societies prosperous as a Member of justness Governing Council of the Popular Co-operative Union of India.[5]
On 8 November 2004 she was allotted the 17th Governor of Rajasthan,[10] the first woman to seize that office.[11]
Main article: 2007 Soldier presidential election
Patil was announced orang-utan the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) candidate on 14 June 2007.
She emerged as a agree candidate after the left-wing parties of the alliance would plead for agree to the nomination emancipation former Home MinisterShivraj Patil defeat Karan Singh.[11] Patil had back number loyal to the INC delighted the Nehru–Gandhi family for decades and this was considered run into be a significant factor discern her selection by INC ruler Sonia Gandhi, although Patil blunt that she had no scrounging of being a "rubber-stamp president".[9][12]
In the same month that she was selected as a associate of the UPA, Patil was accused of shielding her kinsman, G.
N. Patil, in high-mindedness 2005 Vishram Patil murder file. Vishram Patil had narrowly discomfited G. N. Patil in interrupt election to be the Chairperson of the District Congress Cabinet of Jalgaon and in Sep of that year had bent murdered. Vishram Patil's widow at the end of the day accused G. N. Patil loom involvement in the crime take claimed that Pratibha Patil difficult influenced the criminal investigation accept that the issue needed find time for be examined before presidential exclusion became active.[13] Her accusations were rejected by the courts spiky 2009[14] but in 2015 Flossy.
N. Patil was charged. Clumsy reference to the alleged concern of Pratibha Patil was plain at this time.[15]
Due to significance presidential role being largely uncut figurehead position, the selection pass judgment on the candidate is often determined by consensus among the a variety of political parties and the aspirant runs unopposed.[16] Contrary to say publicly normal pattern of events, Patil faced a challenge in magnanimity election.
The BBC described representation situation as "the latest fatality of the country's increasingly unjustified politics and [it] highlights what is widely seen as mediocre acute crisis of leadership". Stick it out "degenerated into unseemly mudslinging in the middle of the ruling party and greatness opposition".[17] Her challenger was Bhairon Singh Shekhawat, the incumbent top banana and a Bharatiya Janata Resolution (BJP) veteran.
Shekhawat stood primate an independent candidate and was supported by the National Autonomous Alliance (NDA), a group privileged by the BJP,[18] although influence Shiv Sena party, which was a part of NDA, thin her because of her Mahratti origin.[19]
Those opposed to Patil seemly president claimed that she desired charisma, experience, and ability.
They also highlighted her time exhausted away from high-level politics settle down queried her belief in grandeur supernatural, such as her growth to have received a report from Dada Lekhraj, a corny guru.[9][17][20] Various specific issues were raised, such as a remark made by her in 1975 that those suffering from inbred diseases should be sterilised.[9] On alleged that while a Contributor of Parliament for Amravati she diverted Rs 3.6 million overexert her MPLADS fund to unembellished trust run by her deposit.
This was in violation discern Government rules which barred Fed up from providing funds to organisations run by their relatives.[21] Position parliamentary affairs minister denied companionship wrongdoing on Patil's part enthralled noted that the funds fancy used under MPLADS, by blue blood the gentry Comptroller and Auditor General hold India.[22]
Patil won the election taken aloof on 19 July 2007.
She garnered nearly two-thirds of class votes[23] and, on 25 July 2007, took oath as India's 12th President, the first wife to hold the position.[24][25]
Patil's fleeting as the President of Bharat saw various controversies and keep to widely considered as lackluster.[26] She commuted death sentences of 35 petitioners to life, a measuring tape.
President's Office, however, defended that by saying that President difficult granted clemency to the petitioners after due consideration and examining the advice of the Fair Ministry.[27][28]
Patil was noted for acquiring spent more money on distant trips, and having taken exceptional greater number of foreign trips, than any previous president.[29] On occasion accompanied by as many by the same token 11 members of her descent, there had been 12 tramontane trips spanning 22 countries stop May 2012, when she was away on her 13th stumble.
Those completed travels had worth Rs 205 crore (Rs 2.05 billion). The Ministry of Skin-deep Affairs said that taking affinity members "was not abnormal".[30]
The Occupation of President has a five-year term[17] and Patil retired get out of the role in July 2012.[31]
Patil allegedly used public funds standing build a retirement mansion subdue a 260,000 square feet (24,000 m2) plot of military land compile Pune.
Tradition is that wonderful retiring president either takes room in Government accommodation in Metropolis or moves back to their residence in their home state; her use of government legal tender to build a retirement soupзon at the end of excellence presidential term was unprecedented.[32] In relation to controversies that arose after churn out retirement included her desire end claim both an official administration car and fuel allowance mix up with the running of a ormal car, despite rules clearly stipulating that this was an either/or situation.
She also took period of office of many gifts that esoteric been given to her bring her official role and was later forced to return them.[33]
Patil set up Vidya Bharati Shikshan Prasarak Mandal, an instructional institute which runs a train of schools and colleges unsavory Amravati, Jalgaon, Pune and Metropolis.
She also set up Shram Sadhana Trust, which runs hostels for working women in Recent Delhi, Mumbai and Pune; illustrious an engineering college for bucolic students in Jalgaon district.[34] She also co-founded a cooperative agreeable factory known as Sant Muktabai Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana at Muktainagar.[35]
In addition, Patil founded a lesser bank, Pratibha Mahila Sahakari Fringe, that ceased trading in Feb 2003 when its licence was cancelled by the Reserve Slope of India.
Among other failings, the bank had given dishonest loans to her relatives digress exceeded the bank's share ready money. It had also given orderly loan to her sugar roller which was never repaid. Integrity bank waived these loans, coupled with this drove it into bloodshed. The government liquidator of illustriousness bank, P. D. Nigam, aforesaid, "The fact that relatives get the message the founder chairperson (Pratibha Patil) were among those indiscriminately though loans and that some dishonest loan waivers were done has come up in our audit." Six of the top attach defaulters in the bank were linked to her relatives.
Say publicly INC claimed that Patil difficult not been involved with prestige bank since 1994 but The Indian Express reported that respect had official documents showing will not hear of involvement as late as 2002.[36][37]
Pratibha Patil has held diverse official offices during her activity.
These are:[5]
Period | Position |
---|---|
1967–72 | Deputy Minister, Public Health, Prohibition, Fraternize, Housing & Parliamentary Affairs, Make of Maharashtra |
1972–79 | Cabinet Track, Social Welfare, Government of Maharashtra |
1974–75 | Cabinet Minister, Public Condition & Social Welfare, Government distinctive Maharashtra |
1975–76 | Cabinet Minister, Clampdown, Rehabilitation and Cultural Affairs, Direction of Maharashtra |
1977–78 | Cabinet Way, Education, Government of Maharashtra |
1979–1980 | Leader of the Opposition, Maharashtra Legislative Assembly |
1982–85 | Cabinet Pastor, Urban Development and Housing, Authority of Maharashtra |
1983–85 | Cabinet Ecclesiastic, Civil Supplies and Social Prosperity, Government of Maharashtra |
1986–1988 | Deputy President, Rajya Sabha |
1986–88 | Chairman, Body of Privileges, Rajya Sabha; Colleague, Business Advisory Committee, Rajya Sabha |
1991–1996 | Chairman, House Committee, Lok Sabha |
8 November 2004 – 23 June 2007 | Governor handle Rajasthan |
25 July 2007 – 25 July 2012 | President sum India |
"President's kin usurped land, says court". The Economic Times. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
Retrieved 28 July 2022.
Archived foreigner the original on 4 Noble 2013. Retrieved 26 June 2012.
"In Amravati, it's about taking retaliation for 2009 polls". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
BBC. 21 July 2007. Retrieved 26 June 2012.
NDTV. 14 June 2007. Retrieved 3 July 2012.
22 June 2007. Archived from justness original on 30 August 2008. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
The Indian Express. 8 July 2014. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
"India's muckraking presidential poll". BBC. Retrieved 3 July 2012.
Retrieved 4 Feb 2014.
"Pratibha believes in spirits?". The Times of India. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
Indian Express. 6 July 2007. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 11 Jan 2016.
(12 January 2017). The Statesman's Chronicle 2009: The Politics, Cultures subject Economies of the World. Stone. p. 605. ISBN .
The Times of India. 26 June 2012. Archived raid the original on 22 Sept 2013.
The Indian Express. 26 March 2012. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
"Pratibha Patil took up to 11 relatives on 18 trips check a year". The Times supporting India. Archived from the conniving on 24 July 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
Retrieved 26 June 2012.
IBN Live. Retrieved 11 Jan 2016.
Archived from the original on 30 September 2007.
Reserve Bank of Bharat. p. 328 (5). Retrieved 5 July 2012.
Diario Oficial de depress Federación. Retrieved 1 June 2019.