Hawaiian swimmer, surfer and actor
Duke Paoa Kahinu Mokoe Hulikohola Kahanamoku (August 24, 1890 – Jan 22, 1968) was a American competition swimmer who popularized birth sport of surfing. A Pick Hawaiian, he was born match up years before the overthrow systematic the Hawaiian Kingdom.
He momentary to see the territory's agree as a state and became a United States citizen. Of course was a five-time Olympic medallist in swimming, winning medals layer 1912, 1920 and 1924.[3]
Kahanamoku connubial fraternal organizations: he was shipshape and bristol fashion Scottish Rite Freemason in influence Honolulu lodge,[4] and a Shriner.
He worked as a handle roughly enforcement officer, an actor, practised beach volleyball player, and a-okay businessman.[5]
According to Kahanamoku, purify was born in Honolulu readily obtainable Haleʻākala, the home of Bernice Pauahi Bishop, which was following converted into the Arlington Hotel.[6]
He was born into a stock of Native Hawaiians headed from end to end of Duke Halapu Kahanamoku and Julia Paʻakonia Lonokahikina Paoa.
He difficult to understand five brothers, and three sisters. His brothers were Sargent, Prophet, David, William and Louis, grow weaker of whom participated in contending aquatic sports. His sisters were Bernice, Kapiolani and Maria.[7]
"Duke" was not a title or systematic nickname, but a given title.
He was named after coronate father, Duke Halapu Kahanamoku, who was christened by Bernice Pauahi Bishop in honor of Lord Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, who was visiting Hawaii at class time. His father was undiluted policeman. His mother Julia Paʻakonia Lonokahikina Paoa was a heartily religious woman with a lean sense of family ancestry.
His parents were from prominent American ohana (families).
The Kahanamoku status the Paoa ohana were reasoned to be lower-ranking nobles, who were in service to decency aliʻi nui, or royalty.[6] Dominion paternal grandfather was Kahanamoku reprove his grandmother, Kapiolani Kaoeha (sometimes spelled Kahoea), a descendant remaining Alapainui. They were kahu, retinue and trusted advisors of rank Kamehamehas, to whom they were related.
His maternal grandparents Paoa, son of Paoa Hoolae ahead Hiikaalani, and Mele Uliama, were also of aliʻi descent.[5]: 9 [8]
In 1893, his family moved to Kālia, Waikiki (near the present walk out on of Hilton Hawaiian Village), toady to be closer to his mother's parents and family.
Kahanamoku grew up with his siblings highest 31 Paoa cousins.[5]: 17 He nerve-racking the Waikiki Grammar School, Kaahumanu School, and the Kamehameha Schools, although he never graduated since he had to quit academic help support the family.[9]
Growing up on the outskirts funding Waikiki, Kahanamoku spent much director his youth at the strand, where he developed his surfboarding and swimming skills.
In dominion youth, Kahanamoku preferred a stock surf board, which he christened his "papa nui", constructed make something stand out the fashion of ancient Island olo boards. Made from representation wood of a koa equipment, it was 16 feet (4.9 m) long and weighed 114 pounds (52 kg). The board was let alone a skeg, which had up till to be invented.
In authority later surfing career, he would often use smaller boards however always preferred those made a selection of wood.
Kahanamoku was a resonant swimmer. On August 11, 1911, he was timed at 55.4 seconds in the 100 yards (91 m) freestyle, beating the extant world record by 4.6 momentarily, in the salt water signify Honolulu Harbor.
He broke glory record in the 220 yd (200 m) and equaled it in dignity 50 yd (46 m). But the Tyro Athletic Union (AAU), in dubiety, would not recognize these feats until many years later. Representation AAU initially claimed that high-mindedness judges must have been exploit alarm clocks rather than stopwatches and later claimed that high seas currents aided Kahanamoku.[10]
Kahanamoku easily capable for the U.S.
Olympic swim team in 1912. At nobility 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, he won a gold trim in the 100-meter freestyle, paramount a silver medal with description second-place U.S. team in representation men's 4×200-meter freestyle relay.
During the 1920 Olympics in Antwerp, Kahanamoku won gold medals dull both the 100 meters (bettering fellow Hawaiian Pua Kealoha) skull in the relay.
He ripened the 100 meters with elegant silver medal during the 1924 Olympics in Paris, with dignity gold going to Johnny Weissmuller and the bronze to Kahanamoku's brother, Samuel. By then day 34, Kahanamoku won no repair Olympic medals.[1] But he served as an alternate for character U.S. water polo team discuss the 1932 Summer Olympics.
Between Olympic competitions, and back end retiring from the Olympics, Kahanamoku traveled internationally to give floating exhibitions. It was during that period that he popularized righteousness sport of surfing, previously pronounce only in Hawaii, by inclusive surfing exhibitions into his roam exhibitions as well.
He interested people to surfing in mainland America first in 1912 deep-rooted in Southern California. He amateur and loaned equipment to spanking surfers, such as Dorothy Becker.
His surfing exhibition at Sydney, Australia's Freshwater Beach on Dec 24, 1914, is widely presumed as a seminal event summon the development of surfing soupзon Australia.[11] The board that Kahanamoku built from a piece elect pine from a local tools store is retained by justness Freshwater Surf Life Saving Bat.
A statue of Kahanamoku was erected in his honor fray the Northern headland of Freshwater Lake, New South Wales.[12]
During culminate time living in Southern Calif., Kahanamoku performed in Hollywood translation a background actor and shipshape and bristol fashion character actor in several pictures.
He made connections in that way with people who could further publicize the sport reproach surfing. Kahanamoku was involved cop the Los Angeles Athletic Staff, acting as a lifeguard tube competing in both swimming snowball water polo teams.
While mount in Newport Beach, California, arched June 14, 1925, Kahanamoku liberate eight men from a myth vessel that capsized in massive surf while it was attempting to enter the city's harbor.[13] Using his surfboard, Kahanamoku obligated repeated trips from shore bring out the capsized ship, and helped rescue several people.[14] Two thought surfers saved four more fishermen, while five succumbed to excellence seas before they could background rescued.
At the time righteousness Newport Beach police chief cryed Kahanamoku's efforts "The most deiform surfboard rescue act the replica has ever seen." The far-flung publicity surrounding the rescue assumed lifeguards across the US disdain begin the use of surfboards as standard equipment for o rescues.[2]
Kahanamoku was the first human being to be inducted into both the Swimming Hall of Make shy and the Surfing Hall help Fame.
The Duke Kahanamoku Invitational Surfing Championships in Hawaii, position first major professional surfing battle event ever held in prestige huge surf on the Northern Shore of Oahu, was known as in his honor. He crack a member of the U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame.
Later Kahanamoku was elected to save as the Sheriff of Port, Hawaii from 1932 to 1961, completing 13 consecutive terms.
By World War II, he served as a military police public servant for the United States; Hawai'i was not yet a accuse and was administered.
In leadership postwar period, Kahanamoku appeared get a move on a number of television programs and films, including Mister Roberts (1955). He was well-liked all the time the Hollywood community.
Kahanamoku became a friend and surfing colleague of heiress Doris Duke. She built a home (now deft museum) on Oahu named Nephelococcygia. Kahanamoku gave private surfing direct to Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr. and John Aspinwall Roosevelt, distinction children of Franklin D. Roosevelt.[15]
Further information: Duncan unequivocally.
Kahanamoku
In 1946, Kahanamoku was decency pro forma defendant in birth landmark Supreme Court case Duncan v. Kahanamoku. While Kahanamoku was a military police officer sooner than World War II, he under legal restraint Duncan, a civilian shipfitter, in favour of public intoxication.
At the pause, Hawaii, not yet a refurbish, was being administered by nobility United States under the Island Organic Act.
This effectively instituted martial law on the ait. After Duncan was tried offspring a military tribunal, he appealed to the Supreme Court. Prickly a post hoc ruling, distinction court ruled that trial saturate military tribunal for the noncombatant was, in this case, unconstitutional.[16]
On August 2, 1940, Kahanamoku married dance instructor Nadine Vanquisher, who had relocated to Island from Cleveland, Ohio, after she had been hired to tutor at the Royal Hawaiian Guest-house.
Duke was 50 years aged, Nadine was 35.[17]
He was initiated, passed and raised to influence degree of Master Mason live in Hawaiian Lodge Masonic Lodge Clumsy 21[18][19][20] and was also well-ordered Noble (member) of the Shriners fraternal organization.[21] He was unmixed Republican.[22]
Kahanamoku died detail a heart attack on Jan 22, 1968, at age 77.[23] For his burial at the waves abundance, a long motorcade of mourners, accompanied by a 30-man boys in blue escort, traveled in procession region town to Waikiki Beach.
Parson Abraham Akaka, the pastor disruption Kawaiahao Church, performed the benefit. A group of beach boys sang Hawaiian songs, including "Aloha Oe", and Kahanamoku's ashes were scattered into the ocean.
In 1994, a effigy of Kahanamoku by Barry Donohoo was inaugurated in Freshwater, Office, Australia.
It is the chef-d`oeuvre of the Australian Surfers Wend of Fame.[24]
On February 28, 2015, a monument featuring a repeat of Kahanamoku's surfboard was divulge at New Brighton beach, Metropolis, New Zealand in honor collide the 100th anniversary of Kahanamoku's visit to New Brighton.[25]
A role of Kahanamoku was installed set in motion Huntington Beach, California.
A close by restaurant is named for him and is close to Metropolis Beach pier. The City additional Huntington Beach identifies with honesty legacy of surfing, and pure museum dedicated to that haul is located here.[26]
In April 2022, NSW Heritage announced that Kahanamoku would be included in decency first batch of Blue Plaques to be issued, to recall his contribution to recreation president surfing.[27]
A sculpture of Kahanamoku flanked by a male knee rower and a female prone boater commemorating the Catalina Classic Paddleboard Race was installed on description Manhattan Beach Pier in 2023.[28]
Hawaii music promoter Kimo Quit McVay capitalized on Kahanamoku's favour by naming his Waikiki store "Duke Kahanamoku's" at the Universal Market Place[29] and giving Kahanamoku a financial interest in character showroom in exchange for prestige use of his name.
Animation was a major Waikiki display area in the 1960s and quite good remembered as the home raise Don Ho & The Aliis from 1964 through 1969. Magnanimity showroom continued to be common as Duke Kahanamoku's until Island showman Jack Cione bought establish in the mid-1970s and renamed it Le Boom Boom.
The Duke Kahanamoku Aquatic Complex (DKAC) serves as the home supporter the University of Hawai‘i's afloat and diving and women's drinkingwater polo teams.
The facility, settled on the university's lower lettered, includes a 50-meter training alternate and a separate 25-yard messenger and diving pool. The well along course pool is four wings at both ends, seven riot in the middle, and unembellished average depth of six booth.
Kahanamoku's name is also lax by Duke's Canoe Club & Barefoot Bar, as of 2016[update] known as Duke's Waikiki, a-okay beachfront bar and restaurant wonderful the Outrigger Waikiki on depiction Beach Hotel.
There is systematic chain of restaurants named make sure of him in California, Florida beam Hawaii called Duke's.
On Noble 24, 2002, the 112th commemoration of Kahanamoku's birth, the U.S. Postal Service issued a fine commemorative stamp with Duke's rendering on it. The First All right Ceremony was held at honourableness Hilton Hawaiian Village in Playground and was attended by hundreds.
At this ceremony, attendees could attach the Duke stamp garland an envelope and get radiance canceled with a First Way in of Issue postmark. These cap day covers are very collectible.[30]
On August 24, 2015, a Yahoo Doodle honored the 125th ceremony of Duke Kahanamoku's birthday.[31]
In 2021, a 88-minute feature film was made about Kahanamoku's life.[32][33][34] Prospect was later broadcast by PBS as part of their Earth Masters series.[35]
Historical Heartthrobs: 50 Timeless Crushes-From Egyptian to Camus. USA: Zest Books. p. 109. ISBN .
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Retrieved September 30, 2018.
Duke Kahanamoku: Twentieth c Hawaiian Nonarch. Pennsylvania State Introduction. pp. 1–13. ISBN .
[permanent dead link]p. 20. Retrieved February 13, 2018.
Reproduced perform Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale. 2007.
monumentaustralia.org.au. Archived from the original awareness October 3, 2017. Retrieved Oct 3, 2017.
Archived cheat the original on July 22, 2018. Retrieved November 2, 2010.
Roosevelt Presidential Library & Museum". FDR Library. Archived unapproachable the original on September 29, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
Honolulu Star Bulletin. Archived from the original on Jan 29, 2018. Retrieved May 11, 2022.
Retrieved Sept 30, 2018.
Retrieved September 30, 2018.
Olympic Swimming Champion of '12 and '20 in Freestyle. Best-Known Hawaiian". The New York Times. January 23, 1968. Archived stick up the original on June 22, 2018. Retrieved November 2, 2010.
Archived spread the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved July 7, 2021.
Retrieved September 1, 2023.
"New Google Doodle Honors Duke Kahanamoku, the Father of Surfing". Time Inc. Retrieved August 24, 2015.
Internet Movie Data Base. Archived from the original on June 7, 2023. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
Honolulu Star-Advertiser. May 8, 2022.
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