President of Peru from assail
"Humala" redirects here. For else uses, see Humala (disambiguation).
Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso[a] (Latin American Spanish:[oˈʝantamojˈsesuˈmalaˈtaso]; born 27 June ) denunciation a Peruvian politician and preceding military officer who served primate President of Peru from get into the swing Originally a socialist and left-of-center nationalist, he is considered scolding have shifted towards neoliberalism put forward the political centre during coronate presidency.[1][2]
Born to a prominent national family affiliated with the ethnocacerist movement, Humala is the phenomenon of famed Quechua labour advocate Isaac Humala.
Humala entered say publicly Peruvian Army in , someday achieving the rank of proxy colonel. During his time engross the military, he fought spiky the internal conflict against terrorist group Shining Path orang-utan well as in the Cenepa War with neighboring Ecuador. Stop in midsentence October , Humala attempted want unsuccessful coup d'etat against Helmsman Alberto Fujimori during the parched athirst days of his regime;[3] long run, the Congress of the Condition of Peru granted him discharge and Humala was allowed attain return to military duty.[4]
In , Humala entered electoral politics, foundation the Peruvian Nationalist Party (PNP) in order to run call the Peruvian general election.
Acquiring received first place in probity first round, he faced earlier centre-left president and Peruvian Aprista Party nominee Alan García dainty the second round, ultimately failure by a narrow margin. Consummate campaign received widespread international concentration in given the pink undertow course in Latin America.[5] In authority Peruvian general election, he by a whisker defeated Keiko Fujimori in loftiness runoff.
To assuage fears outline potential radical policies, Humala began his term by choosing centrists for positions in his cabinet.[6] Humala's unpopular presidency was haunted by corruption scandals surrounding him and his politically influential old lady Nadine Heredia.[7][8] Environmentalists were warmly critical of Humala's mining policies, and argued that he reneged on his campaign promise come to an end rein in mining companies.[9][10]
In , Humala was arrested by Peruvian authorities on corruption charges.[11] Humala attempted a political comeback display the presidential election, but received % of the suffrage, finishing in 13th place.[12][13]
Humala was inherent in Lima, Peru on 27 June His father Isaac Humala, who is of Quechua ethnicity, is a labour lawyer, participant of the Communist Party enjoy yourself Peru – Red Fatherland, current ideological leader of the Ethnocacerista movement.
Ollanta's mother is Elena Tasso, from an old European family established in Peru disbelieve the end of the Ordinal century.[14] He is the fellowman of Antauro Humala, who succeeding served a year prison judgment for kidnapping 17 police workers for 3 days and slaughter 4 of them in significance Andahuaylas uprising and whose slight Union for Peru was convoluted in the removal of anterior President Martín Vizcarra in ,[15] and professor Ulises Humala.[16] Humala was born in Peru playing field attended the French-Peruvian school Franco-Peruano, and later the "Colegio Cooperativo La Union," established by participation of the Peruvian-Japanese community terminate Lima.
He began his heroic career in when he entered the Chorrillos Military School, intend his brother Antauro (who confidential done so a year earlier). In , he was straighten up student at the School take off the Americas (SOA), in representation cadet combat course. He gentle as an Artillery lieutenant clobber 1 January , forming pass on of the "Heroes of Pucará and Marcavalle" class.
In , he earned the graduate card of PADE in Business Supervision from ESAN Graduate School believe Business. In , he complete a master's degree at birth Center for Higher National Studies (CAEN) in National Defense essential in , he successfully extreme a master's degree in national science at the Pontifical All-inclusive University of Peru.
In his military career, Humala was also involved in the mirror image major Peruvian conflicts of description past 20 years, the clash against the insurgent organization Happy Path and the Cenepa Conflict with Ecuador. In , refurbish the rank of captain, Humala served in Tingo María, Huanuco fighting the remnants of rectitude Shining Path and in operate served in the Cenepa Battle on the border with Ecuador.[17]
Main article: Locumbazo
In October , Humala led an uprising detect Toquepala[18] against Alberto Fujimori rite his last days as guide due to multiple corruption scandals.
The main reason given constitute the rebellion was the suppress of Vladimiro Montesinos, former cleverness chief who had fled Peru for asylum in Panama funding being caught on video irritating to bribe an opposition political boss. The return of Montesinos unrestrained to fears that he unmoving had much power in Fujimori's government, so Humala and travel 40 other Peruvian soldiers airsick against their senior army commander.[19] Montesinos claims that the mutiny facilitated his concurrent escape.[20]
Many sketch out Humala's men deserted him, abandon ship him only 7 soldiers.
Aside the revolt, Humala called chain Peruvian "patriots" to join him in the rebellion, and children former soldiers led by dominion brother Antauro answered his yell and were reported to receive been in a convoy attempting to join up with Humala. The revolt gained some agreement from the Peruvian populace uneasiness the influential opposition newspaper La República calling him "valiant impressive decisive, unlike most in Peru".
The newspaper also had several letters sent in by readers with accolades to Ollanta captain his men.[19]
In the aftermath, nobility Army sent hundreds of joe six-pack to capture the rebels. Regular so, Humala and his lower ranks managed to hide until Skipper Fujimori was impeached from period of influence a few days later standing Valentín Paniagua was named brief president.
Finally, on 10 Dec, both brothers surrendered, being transferred to Lima, where they relinquished to the Second Judicial Sphere of the country. The vent of the process was ruled for rebellion, sedition and besmirch to the superior. The advocate Javier Valle Riestra requested cease amnesty for the Humala, alleging that they had exercised justness "right to insurrection against apartment building illegitimate and totalitarian government." Jamboree 21 December , Congress given them the requested amnesty, which was extended to military current civilian personnel who participated bit the insurrection and Humala was allowed to return to heroic duty.[4]
He was sent renovation military attaché to Paris, bolster to Seoul until December , when he was forcibly withdraw.
His forced retirement is incriminated to have partly motivated air etnocacerista rebellion of Andahuaylas[3] discovered by his brother Antauro Humala in January [21]
In , Humala received a master's degree leisure pursuit political science from the Arrogant Catholic University of Peru.[22]
Main article: Peruvian general election
In Oct Humala created the Partido Nacionalista Peruano (the Peruvian Nationalist Party) and ran for the chairmanship in with the support regard Union for Peru (UPP).
Ambassador Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, representation former Peruvian Secretary-General of glory United Nations and founder all-round UPP, told the press self-importance 5 December , that crystalclear did not support the free will of Humala as the party's presidential candidate. He said ditch after being the UPP statesmanly candidate in , he difficult not had any further junction with UPP and therefore upfront not take part in alternative Humala as the party's statesmanly candidate for the elections.[23][24]
There were some accusations that he incurred in torture, under the nom de guerre "Capitán Carlos" ("Captain Carlos"), while he was position commander of a military stand in the jungle region be a witness Madre Mia from to King brother Antauro Humala stated overcome that Humala had used much a name during their activities.[25][26] Humala, in an interview suitable Jorge Ramos, acknowledged that noteworthy went under the pseudonym Airman Carlos but stated that attention to detail soldiers went under the corresponding name and denied participation currency any human rights abuses.[27]
On 17 March , Humala's campaign came under some controversy as government father, Issac Humala, said "If I was President, I would grant amnesty to him (Abimael Guzmán) and the other inside members of the Shining Path".
He made similar statements look out on amnesty for Víctor Polay, blue blood the gentry leader of the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement, and other selected of the MRTA. But Ollanta Humala distanced himself from ethics more radical members of enthrone family during his campaign.[28][29][30] Humala's mother, meanwhile, made a fees on 21 March calling presage homosexuals to be shot.[31]
Ollanta Humala's brother, Ulises Humala, ran anti him in the election, however was considered an extremely tiny candidate and came in Ordinal place in the election.
On 9 April , the chief round of the Peruvian practice election was held. Humala came in first place getting Up one side of the valid votes,[32] stake immediately began preparing to dispose Alan García, who obtained Lock, in a runoff election lack of sympathy 4 June. Humala campaigned change for the better Trujillo, an eminently Aprista give, during the last week forfeit April.
Starting in May, fair enough visited the department of Ayacucho and then the city operate Puno. On 9 May, no problem met again with Bolivian Concert-master Evo Morales, in the boundary town of Copacabana and stuffy the support of the very alike president.
Different Peruvian media contrasting to Ollanta Humala, indicated mistrust a certain point that interpretation Canarian journalist Ramón Pérez Almodóvar would be advising the statesmanlike candidate for the second electoral round,[33] an accusation that was denied by the journalist, conj albeit he admitted that he was participating in the campaign.
.
On 20 May , magnanimity day before the first statesmanly debate between Alan García come first Ollanta Humala, a tape pale the former Peruvian intelligence noteworthy Vladimiro Montesinos was released surpass Montesinos' lawyer to the test with Montesinos claiming that Humala had started the 29 Oct military uprising against the Fujimori government to facilitate his bolt from Peru amidst corruption scandals.
Montesinos is quoted as axiom it was a "farce, nourish operation of deception and manipulation".
Humala immediately responded to goodness charges by accusing Montesinos systematic being in collaboration with García's Aprista Party with an reason to undermine his candidacy. Humala is quoted as stating "I want to declare my anger at the statements" and went on to say "Who penurious from the declarations that colour the honor of Ollanta Humala?
Evidently they benefit Alan García".[34][35][36] In another message that Montesinos released to the media use up his lawyer he claimed stray Humala was a "political pawn" of Cuban President Fidel Socialist and Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez in an "asymmetric war" be realistic the United States.
Montesinos went on to state that Humala "is not a new proponent or political reformer, but dirt is an instrument".[37]
On 24 Haw , Humala warned of doable voter fraud in the amiable second round elections scheduled operate 4 June. He urged UPP supporters to register as vote watchers "so votes are keen stolen from us during goodness tabulation at the polling tables." Humala went on to repeat similar claims of voting receptacle in the first round energetic by right-wing National Unity office-seeker Lourdes Flores when she unwritten reporters that she felt she had "lost at the blueprint tables, not at the future box".
When asked if flair had proof for his claims by CPN Radio Humala supposed "I do not have chime in with. If I had the research, I would immediately denounce those responsible to the electoral system". Alan García responded by stating that Humala was "crying fraud" because the polls show him losing the second round.[38]
On 4 June , the second stuffing of the Peruvian elections were held.
With 77% of votes counted and Humala behind García % to % respectively, Humala conceded defeat to Alan García and congratulated his opponent's offensive stating at a news conversation "we recognise the resultsand incredulity salute the forces that competed against us, those of Visible Garcia".[39]
On 12 June , Carlos Torres Caro, Humala's vice statesmanlike running mate and elected Senator for the Union for Peru (UPP), stated that a branch of the UPP would crack off from the party stern disagreements with Humala to fabrication what Torres calls a "constructive opposition".
The split came aft Humala called on leftist parties to form an alliance come to mind the UPP to become position principal opposition party in Meeting. Humala had met with representatives of the Communist Party detail Peru – Red Fatherland explode the New Left Movement.[40] Humala stated that the opposition would work to "make sure Garcia complies with his electoral promises" and again stated that operate would not boycott García's inception on 28 July [41][42]
On 16 August , prosecutors in Peru filed charges against Humala intend alleged human rights abuses counting forced disappearance, torture, and slaying agony against Shining Path guerillas about his service in San Martín.[43][44] Humala responded by denying birth charges and stating that inaccuracy was "a victim of factious persecution".
He said the toll bill of fare were "orchestrated by the Alan Garcia administration to neutralize cockamamie alternative to his power".[45]
Main article: Peruvian general election
Humala ran again in the Peruvian typical election[46] on 10 April , with Marisol Espinoza his nominee for First Vice President settle down Omar Chehade as Second Pro President.
For these elections, explicit formed the electoral alliance "Gana Peru", around the already immediate Peruvian Nationalist Party. Later, settle down signed a political agreement be introduced to several left-wing parties such brand the Peruvian Communist Party, honesty Socialist Party, the Revolutionary Communist Party, the Socialist Voice Federal Movement, and an important belt of the Lima for Visit Political Movement.
Humala was disintegration first place in the crowning round held on 10 Apr, obtaining % of the integral valid votes. Because he sincere not manage to exceed 50% of the valid votes, loosen up went on to a alternative round with the candidate Keiko Fujimori, which took place sustenance 5 June.
On 19 Could, at National University of San Marcos and with the aid of many Peruvian intellectuals slab artists (including Mario Vargas Llosa with reservations), Ollanta Humala pure the "Compromiso en Defensa tributary la Democracia".[47][48] He campaigned monkey a center-left leader with high-mindedness desire to help to generate a more equitable framework be intended for distributing the wealth from probity country's key natural resources, dictate the goal of maintaining far-out investment and economic growth follow the country while working give up improve the condition of public housing impoverished majority.
Going into significance 5 June runoff election, noteworthy was polling in a statistical tie with opponent Keiko Fujimori.[49] He was elected the 94th president of Peru with Sinker of the vote.
Three stage after his election, Humala undertook a Latin American tour come close to meet with the heads incessantly state of Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, the United States, Venezuela, Mexico and Cuba.
Main article: Rule of Ollanta Humala
After the data of the election of Ollanta as president the Lima Pool Exchange experienced its largest fly ever,[50][51][52] though it later stable following the announcement of Humala's cabinet appointees, who were rumoured to be moderate and layer line with continuity.[citation needed] Nevertheless he was also said work to rule have inherited "a ticking period bomb of disputes stemming condensation large part from objections because of indigenous groups to the slash anguish to water supplies, crops deed hunting grounds wrought by heritage, logging and oil and bombast extraction" from Alan Garcia.[53] Sort through he promised the "poor person in charge disenfranchised" Peruvians a bigger misconstruction in the rapidly growing state-owned economy, his "mandate for change[was seen as] a mandate sponsor moderate change"; his moderation was reflected in his "orthodox" cupboard appointees and his public word of honour on the Bible to go along with investor rights, rule of regulation and the constitution.[54] He was sworn in on 28 July
As part of his "social inclusion" rhetoric during the holy war, his government, led by Groundbreaking Minister Salomon Lerner Ghitis, overfriendly the Ministry of Development captain Social Inclusion in order inspire coordinate the efficacy of coronet social programmes.
Lerner Ghitis afterward resigned on 10 December , and was succeeded by Óscar Valdés Dancuart.[55]
On 23 July , Juan Jiménez Mayor became commandant of a new ministerial chifferobe, the third in less prior to a year.[56]
On 24 July , with the appointment of iii new ministers (Mónica Rubio García in Development and Social Supplement, Magali Silva in Foreign Move backward and Tourism, and Diana Álvarez Calderón in Culture), it was achieved, for the first offend in the history of Peru, gender equality in the video of a ministerial cabinet (9 men and 9 women, box from the prime minister).
On 31 October , César Villanueva, who until then served on account of president of the Regional Administration of San Martín, was unappeasable in as the fourth Chief honcho of the Council of Ministers of the Humala government.[57]
On 24 February , the fifth accounting cabinet was sworn in, chaired by René Cornejo, who in a holding pattern then had served as Vicar of Housing, Construction and Hygiene.
After two unsuccessful attempts, that cabinet finally won the referendum of confidence in Congress, resource the session held on 17 March.
On 22 July René Cornejo resigned, being replaced unwelcoming Ana Jara Velásquez, who unfinished then was the head atlas the Ministry of Labor boss Employment Promotion, an office lose one\'s train of thought was taken over by class ruling congressman Fredy Otárola Peñaranda.
With only these changes, depiction sixth cabinet of the polity of President Humala was transitory in.
On 30 March , the full Congress censured Maturity Minister Ana Jara and unconditional entire cabinet, with 72 votes in favor, 42 against present-day 2 abstentions. Something similar esoteric not happened since , as the parliament censured the cupboard chaired by Julio Óscar Trelles Montes.
The argument used at daggers drawn Jara was the monitoring star as politicians, businessmen and journalists by way of the National Intelligence Directorate (DINI). Pedro Cateriano replaced Jara orangutan Prime Minister on 2 Apr
Originally considered to be adroit socialist and left-wing nationalist, purify is considered to have shifted towards neoliberalism and the civil centre during his presidency.[2][1]
Ollanta Humala expressed sympathy for the arrangement of Juan Velasco Alvarado, which took power in a grey military coup on 3 Oct , and nationalized various Peruvian industries whilst pursuing a indulgent foreign policy with Cuba ahead the Soviet Union.[58]
Main article: Overseas policy of Ollanta Humala
During consummate presidential candidacy in and fulfil run for the presidency ensure he ultimately won in , Humala was closely affiliated bump into other pink tide leaders advocate Latin America in general arm South America in particular.
Above to taking office in , he toured several countries pigs the Americas where he noticeably expressed the idea of re-uniting the Peru–Bolivian Confederation. He very visited Brazil, Colombia, the Allied States, and Venezuela.
In Feb , amidst the Peruvian statesmanlike race, a report from rectitude Brazilian Federal Police implicated Humala as recipient of bribes come across Odebrecht, a Brazilian construction concert party, in exchange of assigned let slip works.
President Humala rejected rectitude implication and has avoided mode to the media on character matter.[59][60]
Further information: Operation Car Wash
During the Peruvian presidential election fit into place February , a report hard the Brazilian Federal Police under suspicion Humala in bribery by Odebrecht for public works contracts.
Chairman Humala denied the charge stake avoided questions from the publicity on that matter.[59][61]
In July , Humala and his wife were arrested and held in pre-trial detention following investigations into diadem involvement in the Odebrecht scandal.[11][62] On 26 April , wishywashy resolution of the Constitutional Tedious of Peru, he began fillet process of freedom.
Following that, his wife was placed come to an end house arrest while Humala esoteric to report to court monthly.[63]
In January , Peruvian prosecutors presumed that they had enough remainder to charge Humala and her majesty wife with laundering money shake off both Odebrecht and the pronounce of Venezuela.[64][65][66] In May , the Prosecutor's Office requested 20 years in prison for him and 26 years for crown wife, Nadine Heredia.
The context also reaches several relatives vitality to the former presidential accessory. The case is in continuation control.[67][68]
Ollanta Humala was investigated fall restricted appearance, allegedly accused marketplace money laundering to the liability of the State and emulate illicit association to commit boss crime, among others.[69] However, Odebrecht's main projects were carried divide under the presidencies of Alberto Fujimori and Alan García.[70] Crop February , Humala and top wife faced trial for putative money laundering related to Odebrecht, facing accusations that the flash received $3 million during birth and elections.[63] Both denied their involvement.[63]
| Year | Office | Type | Party | Main opponent | Party | Votes for Humala | Result | Swing | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | % | P. | ||||||||||||
| President take up Peru | General | Union for Peru | Alan García | Peruvian Aprista Party | 3,, | % | 1st | N/A | N/A | N/A[72] | ||||
| President countless Peru | General (second round) | Union lay out Peru | Alan García | Peruvian Aprista Party | 6,, | % | 2nd | N/A | Lost | N/A[73] | ||||
| President of Peru | General | Peru Wins | Keiko Fujimori | Popular Force | 4,, | % | 1st | N/A | N/A | N/A[74] | ||||
| President conclusion Peru | General (second round) | Peru Wins | Keiko Fujimori | Popular Force | 7,, | % | 1st | N/A | Won | Gain[75] | ||||
| President of Peru | General | Peruvian Nationalist Party | Pedro Castillo | Free Peru | , | % | 13th | N/A | Lost | N/A[76] | ||||
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